A Liberal Education in Name Only: The Price of Honor and Navigating Complicity

A namesake building at my alma mater puts the issue of performative allyship in plain sight. It’s highly selective, like my university. Part one.

By Leah Gillis

It came to my attention that my university renamed a building on campus for a family that adamantly supported murderous dictators. Needless to say, I was disappointed. I chose to attend a very liberal school specifically so this sort of blatantly hypocritical stuff wouldn’t happen—couldn’t happen—so color me annoyed.

First of all, do know that this is not some centuries-old building naming issue for long-ago wrongs. It’s all alarmingly très current: the atrocities, the offenses, the honoring.

And what makes it worse—and somehow more insulting?— it’s on our civics building. Uh, excuse me?

“If I love you, I have to make you aware of all the things you are not seeing.” —James Baldwin.

So yes, the name on the building and center that is a hub of “civic engagement” at Wesleyan for “the study of public life” was somehow chosen for the honor despite recent generations aiding and abetting some of the most brutal dictators since World War II.

Dictators. You know, the dudes specifically not for the “public” part of public life. That’s whomst this family has teamed with and supported over decades and generations. Their company even paid historic fines for their allegiance when the law got involved—because yes, they broke more than moral laws in working with bad guys. It was big news. In all the papers.

Literal dictators. The ones we were definitely taught at said school are wrong (they used more academic-y terms) and, as such, are not to be sided with ever. Always. Sans exception.

What’s the opposite of Schindler’s List? What are the names of the dudes that financed Hitler? Idi Amin’s crew? That’s on par with what we are talking about.

Literally:

As I fell down the rabbit hole reading about what the family did and with whom they collaborated, I was stunned. I had to take a beat between the waves of horror I was learning they financed and supported.

So let me get this straight: my “super liberal” school leaders decided these ‘aiding and abetting’ the horrible people in history books should grace one of our few buildings? A space that was previously named for a female graduate, a rare unicorn of an honor, but in choosing them, they undid that?

You can see why I’ve been perplexed.

This is the same school whose leaders, every January and around graduation, trot out Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. images from his many school visits, often pointing out that he called it so inspiring it helped him continue the civil rights effort.

It’s the same school that proudly displays its 40ish percent diverse student body in press releases, highlighting its increase over decades.

Our 60s-built dorms are riot-proof.

The movie PCU was written by and about us.

We have a Malcolm X House.

We have. A Malcolm X House.

We’ve also had a Womanist House for decades, are proud of having turned down invitations to join the Ivy League, and revel in our weird, rebellious, diverse status among The Little Three. (Yes, I know that having our own non-league that turned down that league—a school that also has the secret societies and ilk—is also a privileged league, but that’s not the point here. Or is it?)

Putting the liberal in liberal education to the extreme is what our thing is and has been forever, so this honoring of a family that helped those who committed the worst atrocities in the past 50 years struck me hard.

So too did the fact that I uncovered this. What in the turning-a-blind-eye-to-atrocities, valuing money over humanity, and winking at crimes against humanity kind of BS is this?

I felt like my diploma slapped me in the face when I discovered this. As one of the few Black and Brown alums of the school, this decision and honoring hit extra hard. Talk of unity and inclusion and liberalism is empty when a decision is made to laud a family who—over 40ish years—helps those who murder and torture Black and Brown people, keep them from democracy and the ability to live safe, prosperous, happy lives, all while lining their pockets. And on our “civics” building? Insult meet injury.

Such activities by this family are crimes against humanity. Just because they are not held accountable in our current justice systems doesn’t mean the rest of us should act like it’s OK. Those who know better are to do better, and all that. It’s kind of what I had reinforced in this school.

Did the president and other school leaders not think about how this would hurt? What clear message does this send to Black and Brown students, alums, and faculty?

The gall. The hubris. The “excusing war crimes” of it all. Literally!

Dang. Even the so-called good ones.

One of the things I most enjoyed about my alma mater was the emphasis on discussing ideas at the nexus of integrity, policy, and application. It’s time to do that here with an emphasis on that last part.

Of all the things I expected in my post-grad life, reminding Wesleyan officials to follow codes of conduct and ethics—and basic human decency—was not on the list.

My discovery highlights the intentional blind eye many academic institutions have been checked for in recent years (see Yale, Georgetown, University of Oregon, Vanderbilt, UNC Chapel Hill ,Connecticut College). Mine is not immune: white, male-led institutions everywhere are still slithering out of responsible, honorable management and decision-making. That is, until someone highlights it and it gets enough attention.

Maybe let’s stop that?!

But until then, I submit the following.

Many at Wes would dismissively laugh at the suggestion of a Confederate statue on campus, or one for a Nazi, so why would we name a building after people who did or do support similar things?

Answer: we wouldn’t. A change is needed.

Okay, Okay, L.G. So Who Did the Family Support/Team With/Back Up?

The honored family’s bank Riggs, helped protect and hide dictators’ money—ill-gotten gains anyone?—and thus helped fund their crimes against humanity. That’s bad enough as an overview, but what really got me, and makes their adoration and allegiance crystal clear, are the encouraging letters they sent to said dictators, urging them to continue on.

Because yes, there are letters! (This came up in Senate hearings when the family bank was investigated for these ties.) They rooted them on and ensured various kinds of assistance over decades and generations, sometimes in flowery yet always effusive prose.

Coups and murderous regimes do not exist without support, and that is what this family provided.

I’ll take “when fan-boying becomes a problem for the rest of us” for two hundred, Alex.

The judge who imposed the fine described Riggs as “a greedy corporate henchman of dictators and their corrupt regimes.” —Ken Silverstein, The New Republic

Henchmen definition: a faithful follower or political supporter, especially one prepared to engage in crime or violence by way of service. —Oxford Dictionary

Dictators. Pinochet and Mbasogo Have Entered the Chat

The building for public action and social sciences got named for a lineage that was chummy with and hid the money of murderous dictators like Augusto Pinochet, the ex-President of Chile who took power in a violent coup and then continued in that manner for decades until his capture.

Pinochet’s trial for torture, murder, and other atrocities is considered by some to be the most important legal issue in the world since the Nazis. 

Yep, the N word—but the one you can say that’s also a symbol for hate and evil.

The family also teamed up with President Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea who is actually still abusing power today. Like, actively committing literal human rights violations on the daily for decades. One of his big ones is obviously no free and fair elections.

Under Allbritton, Riggs also conducted business with the dictator of Equatorial Guinea, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasago, who took power in a 1979 coup and to this day runs a regime notorious for corruption and human rights abuses. Obiang’s relationship with Riggs began in 1995, just as American oil companies found huge offshore reserves in Equatorial Guinea. By 2003, Obiang’s regime had become the bank’s single largest customer, with about $700 million in 60 different personal and state accounts. Ken Silverstein– The National Review

But guess what? They didn’t stop with financial support and emotional cheerleading. They also promised to help revamp their image.

The image! Of human rights-violating dictators! (This brings to mind that Junior namesake started Politico.com around the time of losing the bank.)

Some History 101

We’ll start with Pinochet and the father namesake.

So, Pinochet is on par with Nazis (for also thinking he could evade justice after his reign of terror was up), and again, he’s a big associate of the family via their then-bank, Riggs.

Quick overview on Pinochet, in case you’re not up on humanity’s worst, most recent coup-doing, brutal dictators:

Since the early ’70s, he oversaw the murder, rape, and torture of thousands and thousands of Chileans, forcing many to flee the country. The things Pinochet’s regime did to men and women, including sexual abuse with animals, forcing sex between family members, and other acts of terrorism and crimes against humanity, are beyond comprehension. He was arrested in the UK in 1998 because, you know, he didn’t realize the game was changing. (Notably, he was arrested for his crimes against Spanish citizens. He would eventually return to Chile and die in 2006 without conviction for any of it.)

“On 11 September 1973 General Augusto Pinochet led a bloody coup in Chile, and his military junta immediately embarked on a programme of repression: constitutional guarantees were suspended, Congress was dissolved and a country-wide state of siege was declared. Torture was systematic; “disappearance” became state policy.” Amnesty International

A first-person account via Amnesty International:

“The first time Leila Pérez felt the sear of a cattle prod, it was at the hands of a Chilean soldier. She was a 16-year-old high school student used as a guinea pig to help Pinochet’s security services hone their skills in torture. They didn’t even bother to ask any questions.

‘I was forced to wear the clothes of people we had seen being killed.’ She was held in detention on three separate occasions over a two-year period; each time, she was abused and tortured by soldiers of the brutal Pinochet regime.” …

‘They took us to an interrogation room where they had a metal bunk bed…taking turns to electrocute us one after the other.’

In Villa Grimaldi, detainees were electrocuted, waterboarded, had their heads forced into buckets of urine and excrement, suffocated with bags, hanged by their feet or hands, and beaten. Many women were raped, and for some detainees, punishment was death.”

In 1997, Allbritton (father) wrote to Pinochet:
“I am pleased to report the business relationship between Riggs and the Chilean Military is prospering. I am also grateful for our thriving personal friendship, which you have demonstrated through your gracious hospitality and stalwart support of the Riggs. …You have rid Chile from the threat of totalitarian government and an archaic economic system based on state-owned property and centralized planning. We in the United States and the rest of the western hemisphere owe you a tremendous debt of gratitude and I am confident your legacy will have been to provide a more prosperous and safer world for your children and grandchildren. …Warmest personal regards”—Pinochet Portfolio, GWU

Just wow, right? Like, super aggressively supportive of evil. 

(But also: what the what? Pinochet was a bad totalitarian government dude. Senior would have failed Wes with this take, and yet his name is on our building?)

There are way more of these flowery notes at that site, including from his wife, who was also on Riggs board. She signed off her note to the dictator after he gifted her with some Lapis Lazuli thing: “With appreciation and respect for you and all you have done for our world.”

“He thanked Pinochet for having “rid Chile of the threat of totalitarian government”—Pinochet, at that point, had held power for 24 years after leading a coup against a democratically elected government—and said the entire Western world owed him “a tremendous debt of gratitude.”

In 1998, Pinochet was forced from power and arrested during a visit to London under an international arrest warrant. Even after a Spanish court order directed a worldwide freeze of Pinochet’s assets, Riggs “deliberately assisted him in the concealment and movement of his funds,” the Senate found. Riggs also hid Pinochet’s accounts from U.S. bank regulators and only closed them in 2004, shortly before its collapse.” —The National Review

This allegiance is the definition of a ride or die. Pinochet “owed a debt of gratitude?” Houston, we are officially on the Dark Side.

“Washington, D.C., March 15, 2005 – Washington D.C.: The National Security Archive tonight posted key documents released on March 15 by the Subcommittee on Investigations of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs showing conclusively that former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet had used multiple aliases and false identification to maintain over 125 secret bank accounts at the Riggs National Bank and eight other financial institutions in the United States. In a review of banking records, Senate investigators found ten false names used by Pinochet to disguise his accounts, among them Daniel Lopez, A.P. Ugarte and Jose Pinochet. Records obtained from the Riggs Bank and Citibank showed that Pinochet presented falsified passports under the names of Augusto Ugarte and Jose Ramon Ugarte for account identification.” – Pinochet Portfolio, GWU

The end of this document, which is just so wow, has useful context for this document: “Such letters are not the typical U.S. document found in classified archives of the U.S. government…They capture the ties between a powerful bank, and its corrupt and violent client in a way that few classified documents could. And they, among the other financial records unearthed by U.S. Senate investigators, will have a strong impact on Pinochet’s legacy and the legacies of those who showered him with their fawning support.”

So yeah, like that last part of that last line. Again I’m just curious why this family is lauded by our school.

But Wait, There’s More…

Remember, there’s also the dictator of Equatorial Guinea. That’s where Amnesty International cites recent election results at 95% in his favor. Dictators gotta dictate.

The vast majority of Equatorial Guinea’s citizens continue to be denied their economic and social rights, including access to health care and primary education, despite the country’s vast oil revenues, which benefit the political elite. —Human Rights Watch

It’s with this one that the namesake son, the graduate of my school, shows that loving prose and dedication to brutal leaders is family tradition. What’s the opposite of a deal breaker?

Allbritton was fully briefed on the bank’s accounts with Obiang and opposed shutting them down until the bitter end. There is no record of him personally corresponding with Obiang as he did with Pinochet; however, Robert Allbritton, who took over as Riggs CEO in 2001, put his name on a flattering letter to the dictator following a lunch with him in May of that year. The letter offered to help Obiang bolster his “reputation for prudent leadership” and said Riggs had “formed a committee of the most senior officers…that will meet regularly to discuss our relationship with Equatorial Guinea and how best we can serve you.” —TNR

Prudent leadership? Bruh. Either he doesn’t know what that word means—yikes—or he does and is intentionally using it to mean a dictator is prudent. So, like, either way we have problems. Net-net, this is no bueno and yet, their name is on our civics building?

To read the passionate letters from two generations demonstrates not just compliance but Beatle-mania-like dedication to and admiration of killers who engage in brutal anti-democracy efforts, murders, and thuggery. These atrocities continue to cause incalculable harm to citizens of both countries and beyond, keeping historically mistreated Black and Brown people and countries down.

The family’s fidelity to this type of ruler and ethics is crystalline. What needs clarification is why my school sees fit to honor this today.

The family’s actions led to historic fines when things came to light. (For some reason, these intentional atrocities don’t result in prison time or even house arrest, and The Hague can’t touch them, but that’s for another discussion. If you ride shotgun with someone who kills, you are culpable… how is this different? Especially when you are found to have funded the car, guns, and shooters while cheering them on. The Accused, anyone? I’m certainly not for more people in prison, but like, what are we doing and enforcing? Like, what?!)

A 2004 U.S. Senate investigation known as the Riggs Bank Report determined that “Riggs Bank serviced the Equatorial Guinea accounts with little or no attention to the bank’s anti-money-laundering obligations, turned a blind eye to evidence suggesting the bank was handling the proceeds of foreign corruption, and allowed numerous suspicious transactions to take place without notifying law enforcement.” This report also found that Riggs facilitated the creation of front companies by the Obiangs. Meanwhile, another report by Spanish judiciary police established that the Kokorevs’ company in Panama “could be acting as an intermediary to channel inflows and outflows by the Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea.” —El País

(Why yes, that was a Russian couple in there because this all has tentacles and other countries like whoa.)

You guys. Front companies for murderous dictators? Orchestrating suspicious financial transactions for said dictators? A failed bank with illegal actions? Hurting Black and Brown people in struggling nations? Generations cheering on murderous dictators? My school better stop invoking MLK’s name while honoring this family.

“In 2004, the U.S. Senate released a report, prompted by a story I wrote in the Los Angeles Times, saying Riggs had ‘turned a blind eye’ to evidence that the bank was ‘handling the proceeds of foreign corruption.’” The Treasury Department hit the bank with a $25 million penalty. The next year, Riggs paid a $16 million criminal fine over related charges that it had failed to report suspicious transactions with foreign account holders. The judge who imposed the fine described Riggs as “a greedy corporate henchman of dictators and their corrupt regimes.” —TNR

“A greedy corporate henchman of dictators and their corrupt regimes.” That’s whose name is on our civics building. Am I in upside-down world? I mean, the fact that I agree with TNR shows the world is in a loopy place, and anything is possible, but what the what?!

In 2004, federal officials ordered Riggs to pay a then-record $25 million civil fine for alleged violations of money-laundering laws. The following year, Riggs pleaded guilty to a felony charge of failing to report suspicious transactions involving foreigners, including Pinochet and family members. Riggs also agreed to pay a $16 million criminal fine. A federal judge said the bank had become “a greedy corporate henchman of dictators and their corrupt regimes.”

Allbritton stepped down as Riggs CEO in 2001; at the time, the Allbritton family controlled roughly 40 percent of the bank’s stock. —Associated Press

In 2004 the bank collapsed under the son’s running. A few years later, 2009, the re-naming honor was ribbon cut. In 2012 it opened.

Civics 101: Doing Bad and Honoring the Bad-Doers is the Same Thing

(See: Germany, No Buildings for Hitler and His Crew; South Africa, No Apartheiders.)

Hate to state the obvious—hate even more that I need to, because learned people are feigning ignorance—but those who do bad and those who honor the bad-doers are the same. See also: Confederate flag wavers/monument lovers. This basic premise is something I had reinforced in college, so I’m surprised those running it ignored this in their selection.

My school was also super clear that learning stuff and applying it was the point and privilege of receiving said top education—and also helping others, especially against tyrannical dictators—so I’m all kinds of cornfused. (I’m trying a Ted Lasso approach here.)

How much did the family slip into the palms of my school and officials to make them choose violence? Because this is violence.

Now I’m not saying those in charge named it because of this darkness, but they either didn’t know (oof) or ignored it (double oof). Hence the other problem. The name can easily change, but how and why it happened is the bigger issue. We’ve got to talk about what those in charge don’t want to discuss. You know, the application of education in our actions part. That adulting and ethics part. The thing that those of us who know better are tasked with doing.

Liberal, like self-esteem, is seen in action.

Going Forward

Anand Giridharadas writes about how rich people use philanthropy to launder their ill-gotten gains into something presentable, with the help of others, and how this must stop. The point is to no longer allow it, as it sullies us all and keeps that beat going. It’s how we help others do better.

See his book Winners Take All: The Elite Charade of Changing the World. He discusses gatekeepers deciding things like, say, who cares that you supported regimes that killed, raped, and tortured people. If you’re bringing money, your name gets on a school building, complete with a ribbon-cutting, smile, and handshake.

Giridharadas challenges people in high positions to stop this dangerous façade and act with integrity. I am seconding that emotion. Maybe we can’t stop all the ills being committed and hold all the perpetrators accountable with a stroke of a pen, but stopping “henchmen” from being honored in a place of higher learning is definitely within our reach. It’s a layup.

The time of an ilk that both commits crimes and determines punishment is over.

So too is being cruelly punitive—let’s let that system go the way of those oversized Puritan belt buckles and hats. Très passé, am I right? That’s not who we want to be either. Grace is needed as we deal with the worst choices some of us make. No more pitchforks in the town square. Not allowing people a dignified way back from errors has many acting like cornered animals, keeping our world continuing as is. Human dignity can be the rule, and mercy for all.

Let’s lead that charge! Luckily, we have a whole lot of great alums for this. Another layup.

And I suggest we start with this family. (I mean, can you imagine being raised by parents who adored a dictator? Or what made someone adore a dictator? That is some kind of dark arts. Dinnertime chat… bleak. Well, luckily, there are many amazing healers for those interested. People who support killers and are cool with subjugating others are clearly not happy, balanced, healthy individuals. That’s sad, too. It’s called a cycle of violence for a reason, and it can also be broken.)

“Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented. Sometimes we must interfere. When human lives are endangered, when human dignity is in jeopardy, national borders and sensitivities become irrelevant.” —Elie Wiesel

So How Did We Get Here, White “Liberals”?

Over the past few years, racist violence has exposed whites who deluded themselves into thinking they are liberal. Nope, super racist!

Like, call-the-cops-on-a-person-of-color-just-for-living-their-life racist.

The notion that supporting Obama makes you not racist (see: the birder attacker) or that if you’ve had sex with, had children with, or married someone of a different race, you’re not racist (DT, Strom Thurmond, Mitch McConnell) has been pulled out from under many.

Yet there are more to go, and yes, I’m looking at you, “liberal” institution gatekeepers.

Schools, even private ones, reflect all of society. Everything is part of the whole. Who and what we honor says much about us.

So do our corrections.

MLK-loving my school 50-plus years ago doesn’t hold up to this naming decision. Just stop.

OK, You’ve Bummed Us Out Good. So, What Now, Leah?

Glad you asked. Let’s bright-side this! Progress!

First, a new name reflecting Wesleyan’s diversity, liberalism, and commitment to making the world a better place. Let me be clear: no one white or male. How about someone who stands up against racism and misogyny, challenges the status quo, and helps people be their best? (Again, we’ve got lots of alums who do this, so layup!)

Second, Wesleyan should create a permanent exhibition on campus examining how this naming decision came to be, including what the family did and how the naming occurred under the president. If we don’t remember, we are doomed to repeat the past and all that. Reminding ourselves of this in the present allows us to make efforts to ensure it doesn’t happen again. While Wes can’t make its alums act with basic human dignity—though maybe adding something mandatory to the curriculum on this is a good idea, especially with all the other sexual harassment/racism/power abuse issues among alums in the news, sigh—it can try. We must educate in ways other than the traditional curriculum. How about focusing on the heart? Love, kindness, and mercy? How to use our money responsibly? Those are the hallmarks of quality education, no?

“In the late 1980s and early ’90s, Allbritton attended Wesleyan University, known for its liberal activism. Students protested apartheid in South Africa, among other things.

“I was not politically active in college,” Allbritton says. “It was not in my heart.”

When students demonstrated and some were arrested, Allbritton pulled up a lawn chair, popped a beer, and watched.” – The Washingtonian, 2009

Finally, there needs to be a change in how our finances are managed to align with our stated values. It is a rather murky and secretive thing college monies, where links to non-honorable enterprises and people can fester. Let’s change that. What are we investing in? Who is determining tenure, and does our faculty and staff—at all levels—reflect our liberal tenets? Again, we have lots of good alums for this, too, so it won’t be hard to have a majority of decision-makers who are not male and white. It’s what Wesleyan says it stands for, after all.

A common slogan at Wes during my time was “silence is violence.” This family has vigorously helped leaders commit decades of atrocities, harming innocents and keeping them from democratic leadership. We can’t allow this to be honored in a place of higher education, let alone one that espouses liberalism. What they are is a cautionary tale. My school is as well.

Hope and Consciousness
I was buoyed at one point in my reading for this (thank gosh) by a thoughtful and prescient critique I came across in my school’s newspaper from 2010, around the time of this naming. It examined the school’s history of activism, specifically the activist spring of 1990, due to an upcoming school event focused on our history.

“I am sure that all of you share with me the sense that Wesleyan has endured a crisis of identity and spirit in the past several months,” wrote President Chace in a letter to students, faculty, and staff shortly after the semester ended. Two decades later, at a school where institutional memory is sorely limited by the four-year student turnover, Wes’s so-called identity crisis remains relegated to Argus archives and faculty memories. If this degree of turbulence and unrest seems unfathomable at our Wesleyan of 2010, that’s because it is. Whether that’s due to far improved administrative transparency and communication or simply widespread student apathy is another question entirely.”

That last line is relevant even now. Alums included.

Another article a few years later highlights an overarching issue here: the baton that keeps getting passed by “liberal” gatekeepers, prioritizing money over people. Former President Chace was asked what he wished he’d accomplished that he didn’t get to during his time. His answer: raise more money.

During his tenure, there were riots and shootings (!), sit-ins, five Black teachers quitting in one semester, the lowest submission rates ever, and a student was murdered—by a family member of a former professor – and more. But he wished he had made more money. 

Again, with the “liberals” not getting it or caring. Like many who did some good in their youth, Chace thought his youthful efforts, such as being jailed for civil rights protests, meant his later actions excluded him from being culpable in maintaining white supremacy and the patriarchy systems. His reaction to being called racist while at Wesleyan: “surprising.”

Oof.

It’s the lack of self-awareness and white supremacy/patriarchy stanning for me.

“Nothing can be changed until it is faced.” —James Baldwin

Priorities

Reaffirming that Wesleyan will use its power and many voices to back the basic rights of a people who have suffered under colonization and apartheid for over 100 years restores the university mission and makes a real impact for good. “ Skylar Moehs, Wesleyan Argus October 28, 2024.

It’s not fun to realize that a place that housed and educated me chose to honor a family that teamed up with some of the worst people in recent history. But what’s less fun is pretending that’s not the deal. 

Two articles this week from the school newspaper:

Wesleyan Has Lost Its Way in Prosecuting Student Protesters

“Nearly every day going to class, I walk past a poster that reads ‘Protest. Organize. Walk out. Shut it down.’ “

This School is a Bunch of Bullshit

“And now, I see this school railroading a bunch of scapegoats to set the example that student dissent will not be tolerated. It’s all a bunch of neoliberal-presenting, authoritarian bullshit.”

Institutions can’t call themselves liberal while actively condoning hate and violence and siding with perpetrators allies, especially against some of the world’s most vulnerable by some of the world’s most privileged.

But as MLK said, the time is always right to do what’s right.

As another Wes alum reminds us—one whose work school leaders and some graduates could learn from: “The real work you have to do is in the privacy of your own heart.” —Ram Dass

I urge school officials to do the right thing by changing this name and ensuring this doesn’t happen again. I hope we can all have the courage and strength to look into our hearts and do the real work. For we will surely need each other for that.

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